This easy-to-understand introduction emphasizes the areas of probability theory and statistic that are important in environmental monitoring, data analysis, research, environmental field surveys, and environmental decision making. It communicates basic statistical theory with very little abstract mathematical notation, without omitting important details and assumptions. Topics include Bayes'Theorem, geometric distribution, computer simulation, histograms and frequency plots, maximum likelihood estimation,the tail exponential method, Bernoulli processes, Poisson processes, diffusion and dispersion of pollutants, normal distribution, confidence intervals, and stochastic dilution; gamma, chi-square, and Weibull distribution; and the two-and three-parameter lognormal distributions.