Translation and the History of Knowledge is an anthology honoring Professor Lawrence Wang-chi Wong's contributions to translation studies and Chinese translation history. This volume comprises 14 articles by leading scholars from diverse disciplines, including translation studies, comparative literature, and East Asian studies, to examine the multifaceted role of translation in knowledge production and transmission. Spanning from the Jesuits' cross-cultural communication in the 17th century to the translational efforts of sinologists and missionaries in the 20th century, these articles highlight not only the cultural mediation by Western and Chinese scholars but also the pivotal role of translation in shaping cultural ideas.